郭進電腦使用筆記: Ubuntu26.04

----------------------------------------------------------------- 安裝ubuntu26.04約30分

＃＃每次上串照片只能2張，否則順序相反！

----------------------------------------------------------------- 檢查分割區掛載

$ ls /
bin cdrom etc lib lost+found mnt proc run snap swap.img tmp var
boot dev home lib64 media opt root sbin srv sys usr
$ ls /mnt
backup

$ df /dev/sda* -h
檔案系統容量已用可用已用% 掛載點
devtmpfs 3.4G 0 3.4G 0% /dev
/dev/sda1 1.1G 6.4M 1.1G 1% /boot/efi
/dev/sda2 94G 12G 77G 14% /
/dev/sda3 139G 11G 122G 8% /mnt/backup

$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
...
sda 8:0 0 238.5G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2 8:2 0 95.4G 0 part /
└─sda3 8:3 0 142.1G 0 part /mnt/backup

$ sudo blkid /dev/sda3
[sudo: authenticate] 密碼：
/dev/sda3: UUID="399a1d65-031b-4c29-a197-15fd5acd4393" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="6d0ae669-f55c-4b70-87c8-a3982a2decf8"

$ sudo nano /etc/fstab
GNU nano 8.7.1 /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda2 during curtin installation
/dev/disk/by-uuid/92dc97bf-1df4-4463-8fd2-55489431de2d / ext4 defaults 0 1
# /mnt/backup was on /dev/sda3 during curtin installation
/dev/disk/by-uuid/399a1d65-031b-4c29-a197-15fd5acd4393 /mnt/backup ext4 defaults 0 1
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during curtin installation
/dev/disk/by-uuid/43B4-268A /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 1
/swap.img none swap sw 0 0

-----------------------------------------------------------------安裝timeshift

$ sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

$ sudo apt install timeshift -y

----------------------------------------------------------------- 版本

uname -a
Linux ubuntu2604 7.0.0-14-generic #14-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Mon Apr 13 11:09:53 UTC 2026 x86_64 GNU/Linux

lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 26.04 LTS
Release: 26.04
Codename: resolute

cat /etc/os-release
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 26.04 LTS"
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION_ID="26.04"
VERSION="26.04 (Resolute Raccoon)"
VERSION_CODENAME=resolute
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
UBUNTU_CODENAME=resolute
LOGO=ubuntu-logo

-----------------------------------------------------------------更新

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

-----------------------------------------------------------------網路校時

＃設定時區
sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Taipei

＃啟用自動校時
sudo timedatectl set-ntp on

timedatectl
Local time: 二 2026-04-28 12:44:55 CST
Universal time: 二 2026-04-28 04:44:55 UTC
RTC time: 二 2026-04-28 04:44:55
Time zone: Asia/Taipei (CST, +0800)
System clock synchronized: yes
NTP service: active
RTC in local TZ: no

----------------------------------------------------------------- 安裝chrome

wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

ls -l

sudo apt install ./google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

-----------------------------------------------------------------youtube影片下載

nano yt-download.sh
#!/bin/bash

# ================= 設定區 =================
# 你可以把底下的路徑改成你希望固定輸出的位置，例如：~/Videos 或 ~/Downloads
SAVE_PATH="~/Downloads"
# ==========================================

echo "=========================================="
echo " YouTube 最高畫質原檔下載器 (升級版)"
echo "=========================================="

read -p "請直接貼上 YouTube 影片網址: " url

if [ -z "$url" ]; then
echo "錯誤：你沒有貼上任何網址！"
exit 1
fi

echo "------------------------------------------"
echo "正在分析並下載，完成後將自動存至：$SAVE_PATH"
echo "------------------------------------------"

# 加上 -P 參數指定輸出位置
yt-dlp -P "$SAVE_PATH" "$url" --no-playlist

echo "------------------------------------------"
echo "下載完成！"
echo "=========================================="

chmod +x yt-download.sh

$ ./yt-downloads.sh

-----------------------------------------------------------------安裝KVM與Virt-Manager

~$ sudo apt install qemu-system-x86 libvirt-daemon-system libvirt-clients virtinst bridge-utils virt-manager ovmf -y

----------------------------------------------啟動服務

~$ sudo systemctl status libvirtd

~$ sudo systemctl enable libvirtd

~$ sudo systemctl start libvirtd

----------------------------------------------目前使用者加入虛擬化群組

~$ sudo usermod -aG libvirt $USER

~$ sudo usermod -aG kvm $USER

----------------------------------------------重新登入

$ sudo reboot now

-----------------------------------------------------------------建立Netplan Bridge

$ sudo nano /etc/netplan//01-network-manager-all.yaml
network:
version: 2
renderer: NetworkManager

ethernets:
eno2:
dhcp4: no

bridges:
br0:
interfaces:
- eno2
dhcp4: yes

----------------------------------------------套用

$ sudo netplan generate

** (configure:5867): WARNING **: 14:16:39.988: `gateway4` has been deprecated, use default routes instead.
See the 'Default routes' section of the documentation for more details.
這句話的意思：
簡單來說：gateway4 這個設定參數已經過時，未來可能會被移除。
在較舊版本的 Netplan 中，我們習慣直接在介面設定裡使用 gateway4: 192.168.1.1 來指定預設閘道。但在新的 Netplan 版本中，為了符合更靈活的路由管理標準，官方強烈建議改用「路由規則（Routes）」的方式來設定預設閘道。

$ sudo netplan apply

這組錯誤訊息說明了兩個層面的問題：一個是設定語法過時（前面提到的 gateway4），另一個是底層網路服務執行狀態的問題。
以下為您詳細拆解：
1. gateway4 警告（重複出現）
這與上一封回覆相同，雖然您的網卡目前運作正常，但系統檢測到設定檔中仍舊使用了舊版語法。這不會導致 netplan apply 失敗，但建議您盡快修改設定檔以符合現代標準。
2. systemd-networkd is not running 與 dbus 錯誤
這是最關鍵的問題。錯誤訊息 Unit dbus-org.freedesktop.network1.service not found 代表您的系統沒有使用 systemd-networkd 來管理網路。

$ nmcli device status
DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
br0 bridge 已連線 netplan-br0
eno2 ethernet 已連線 netplan-eno2
lo loopback connected (externally) lo
virbr0 bridge connected (externally) virbr0

~$ ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 24:4b:fe:e8:aa:26 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
altname enp0s31f6
altname enx244bfee8aa26
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:c3:37:ea brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
12: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 26:64:28:82:c6:66 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.31.147.25/24 brd 172.31.147.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute br0
valid_lft 2820sec preferred_lft 2820sec
inet6 2001:288:8241:1:2464:28ff:fe82:c666/64 scope global dynamic mngtmpaddr proto kernel_ra
valid_lft 14371sec preferred_lft 3571sec
inet6 2001:288:8241:1:76eb:a5ab:67fb:167/64 scope global temporary dynamic
valid_lft 14371sec preferred_lft 3571sec
inet6 fe80::2464:28ff:fe82:c666/64 scope link proto kernel_ll
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

----------------------------------------------驗證Bridge

$ bridge link
2: eno2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 master br0 state forwarding priority 32 cost 100

-----------------------------------------------------------------

sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml

network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
enp3s0:
dhcp4: no
dhcp6: no

bridges:
br0:
interfaces: [enp3s0]
addresses:
- 192.168.145.99/24
routes:
- to: default
via: 192.168.145.1
nameservers:
addresses: [8.8.8.8, 114.114.114.114]
parameters:
stp: true
forward-delay: 4
dhcp4: no

-----------------------------------------------------------------

郭進電腦使用筆記

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2026年4月26日星期日

Ubuntu26.04

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2026年4月26日 星期日

Ubuntu26.04

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2026年4月26日星期日